体外研究 |
Proparacaine Hydrochloride (>588.93 μM; 4-28 hours) has a dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity to HCS cells at concentrations in vitro.
Proparacaine Hydrochloride (294.47-18.85 mM; 4-12 hours) can induce apoptosis of HCS cells .
Proparacaine Hydrochloride (4.71 mM; 4-12 hours) induces G1 phase arrest, plasma membrane permeability elevation, phosphatidylserine externalization, DNA fragmentation, chromatin condensation, and apoptotic body formation of HCS cells.
Proparacaine Hydrochloride induces caspase-2, -3 and -9 activation, and mitochondrial transmembrane potential disruption.
Proparacaine Hydrochloride (4.71 mM; 4-12 hours) downregulates and upregulates the expression of Bcl-xL and Bax, respectively, and remarkably upregulates cytoplasmic cytochrome C and apoptosis inducing factor.
Cell Viability Assay
Cell Line: |
HCS cells |
Concentration: |
294.47 μM, 588.93 μM, 1.18 mM, 2.35 mM, 4.71 mM, 9.42 mM, 18.85 mM |
Incubation Time: |
4 hours, 8 hours, and 12 hours, 16 hours, 20 hours, 24 hours, 28 hours |
Result: |
Decreased the viability of HCS cells with concentration and time at concentrations above 588.93 μM. |
Apoptosis Analysis
Cell Line: |
HCS cells |
Concentration: |
294.47 μM, 588.93 μM, 1.18 mM, 2.35 mM, 4.71 mM, 9.42 mM, 18.85 mM |
Incubation Time: |
4 hours, 8 hours, and 12 hours |
Result: |
Induced apoptosis of HCS cells. |
Cell Cycle Analysis
Cell Line: |
HCS cells |
Concentration: |
4.71 mM |
Incubation Time: |
4 hours, 8 hours, and 12 hours |
Result: |
Arrested HCS cells at the G1 phase of the cell cycle. |
Western Blot Analysis
Cell Line: |
HCS cells |
Concentration: |
4.71 mM |
Incubation Time: |
4 hours, 8 hours, and 12 hours |
Result: |
Down-regulated the expression level of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL and up-regulated the pro-apoptotic protein Bax, whereas significantly up-regulated the cytoplasmic amounts of mitochondria-released cytochrome C and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). |
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体内研究 |
Proparacaine Hydrochloride (75 μg/30 μL; intranasal administration; for 7 days) significantly decreases nasal symptoms, number of eosinophils, goblet cells, and mast cells in the lamina propria of the nasal mucosa.
Animal Model: |
7-week-old female BALB/c mice, allergic rhinitis model |
Dosage: |
75 μg/30 μL |
Administration: |
Intranasal administration, for 7 days |
Result: |
Significantly reduced nasal rubbing and sneezing. |
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